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The Albanian diaspora encompasses Albanians outside of Albania, Kosovo, Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. The greatest concentrations are found in Italy, Greece, Germany and Turkey. There are also growing communities in Austria, Canada, France, Romania, Belgium, Russia, Scandinavia, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, and the USA The Albanian exodus, caused by the collapse of the communist regime in 1991 and the ensuing economic crisis, has been the largest emigration movement in Europe since the population movements after World War II. Between 1989 and 2001, roughly 800,000 people have migrated out of Albania, about 440,000 of them settling in Greece, where Albanians make up 60% of immigrants.〔(Data on immigrants in Greece, from Census 2001 ) 〕 350,000 Albanians have migrated to Italy over the 1990s to 2000s.〔Istituto nazionale di statistica: (''La popolazione straniera residente in Italia'' )〕 The situation in Kosovo is similar. More than a million Albanians have left Kosovo since the late 1980s permanently, not counting those fleeing the Kosovo War who have subsequently returned.〔(KOSOVO: ENDE der GEDULD – Ausland – FOCUS Online )〕 An important destination for emigrating Albanians from Kosovo has been Switzerland and Germany.〔150,000 Albanians resided in Switzerland as of 2000 (6% of the total population of Switzerland). (Eidgenössiche Volkszählung 2000: Sprachenlandschaft in der Schweiz )〕 ==History== In Albania, emigration dates back to the 15th century when many Albanians emigrated to Calabria in Southern Italy after the defeat of the country by Ottoman forces. Other popular destinations were Turkey, Bulgaria, and later the United States and South America. Following the communist take over after World War II, emigration was outlawed and violations severely punished. At the same time, Albanian birth rates in both Albania and Kosovo were among the highest in Europe (see Demographics of Albania and Kosovo), and the economies were among the weakest (especially under the Hoxha regime), leading to a huge young population in both regions and a consequently huge demand for emigration once the borders were opened in the 1990s. Two major emigration waves in the 1990s were: * The Albanian population in Turkey was created in three large waves of emigration in different period times. The first one was the deportation of Albanian from Kosovo in 1910, when 120.000 thousand Albanians were deported in Turkey by the Serbian authority. The second one was in 1926-1938, when under aggrements by Yugoslavia and Turkey, about 400.000 emigrated to Turkey. The last one was after World War II, in 1953-1966, when nearly 400.000 were forced to emigrate to turkey from kosovo.〔https://books.google.se/books?id=OKEal7FHClUC&pg=PA10&dq=albanians+in+turkey&hl=sv&sa=X&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBmoVChMIlYb2oPPGyAIVq55yCh28yQ9v#v=onepage&q=albanians%20in%20turkey&f=10〕 * Post-1990 wave prior to the collapse of communism in Albania in the form of break-ins at foreign embassies and departures by ship * Post-1997 wave following the 1997 unrest in Albania The preference for Italy, Greece and Western European countries during the first waves of emigration has given way to Canada and the United States due to stricter European immigration laws. The rate of emigration has gradually decreased during the later 2000s, with a sudden increase in 2014-15. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Albanian diaspora」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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